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Cyprus College
cycollege.ac.cy
The college was founded in 1961 with the purpose to provide a well rounded education of high calibre where students can acquire the necessary academic knowledge.
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Wroclaw University
international.uni.wroc.pl
Founded in 1702 by Leopold I Habsburg. Since the beginning of 20th century the university has produced 9 Nobel Prize winners.
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Volyn University
vdu.edu.ua
The history dates back to 1940. At present, the university includes 4 institutes, 14 faculties and 73 departments.
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Berkeley College
berkeleycollege.edu
Through the power of internet, Berkeley college online brings the classroom to you anywhere in the world with the same high level of support as On-Campus classes.
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AIS
ais.ac.nz
New Zealand's largest international degree provider. The programmes are focused on the global marketplace.
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WORLD UNIVERSITY DIRECTORY
Medical Education Alcohol and Alcoholism - current issue
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div><div class="boxTitle">Aims</div>The study investigated relationships between how youth and young adults access alcohol and their binge drinking behaviors.<div class="boxTitle">Methods</div>Data from the Rhode Island Student Survey (11- to 18-year-olds) and the Mobile Screen Time project (18- to 24-year-old) were included. Participants were asked whether they access alcohol through several different methods (e.g. gifts, purchase, theft), and a latent class analysis was conducted to identify patterns of behavior. Logistic regression models were used to determine if class assignment was associated with binge drinking, after adjusting for age, sexual/gender status, and identification as a Black, Indigenous, and other Person of Color.<div class="boxTitle">Results</div>Among youth, participants who primarily accessed alcohol through friends had 6 times the odds of binge drinking (OR[95%CI] = 6.22 [4.08,9.49]), and those who accessed alcohol through all available sources had 23 times the odds (OR[95%CI] = 23.1 [9.08,58.6]). In young adults, participants who actively purchased alcohol had 3.7 times the odds of binge drinking (OR [95%CI] = 3.69 [1.62,8.37]).<div class="boxTitle">Conclusions</div>Distinct means of accessing alcohol in youth and young adult populations can be identified, and different methods of access may be associated with increased binge drinking. Strong availability and ID checking policies are needed for on- and off-premise locations, and the implementation of parent-centered programs should be considered.</span>
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div><div class="boxTitle">Aims</div>Prior research has established a correlation between increases of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and alcohol consumption. This study aimed to explore the association between phosphatidylethanol (PEth) levels and the amount of consumed ethanol, utilizing HDL-C as a surrogate marker on a population level. This endeavor offers an adjunct to other studies.<div class="boxTitle">Methods</div>PEth and HDL-C levels in 50 751 samples from 29 899 patients in Norway were measured simultaneously in whole blood and serum, respectively. Linear mixed model analyses were employed to assess HDL-C levels within different PEth intervals. Drawing on previous research indicating an increase of .0035 mmol/L in HDL-C per gram of pure ethanol consumed per day, and assuming no alcohol intake in the zero PEth group, we estimated mean daily ethanol intake at the group level for males in each PEth interval.<div class="boxTitle">Results</div>Results revealed a significant correlation between PEth and HDL-C levels (Spearman’s rho = .385 for women, .420 for men, <span style="font-style:italic;">P <</span> .001). Estimated mean HDL-C levels indicated higher alcohol consumption with increasing PEth. Specifically, men with PEth values in the .031–0.100 μmol/L (22–70 ng/ml) interval were estimated to consume approximately mean 20 grams of ethanol daily, while those in the .301–0.500 μmol/L (212–351 ng/ml) PEth interval had an estimated mean daily ethanol intake of 51 grams.<div class="boxTitle">Conclusions</div>The results from this study suggest an approximate estimation of mean daily amounts of consumed ethanol at group levels in different PEth intervals, based on previously shown correlation of ethanol consumption and HDL-C increase.</span>
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>In an analytical sample of 462 UK-based trans and non-binary respondents to a co-produced survey, 23.2% reported drinking with a higher risk of dependence (AUDIT scores ≥16), and 26.2% reported that they mostly drank at home alone. Pre-drinking and drinking mostly at home alone were associated with high-risk drinking and may be appropriate behaviours to address in harm reduction interventions.</span>
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div><div class="boxTitle">Aims</div>The COVID-19 pandemic increased alcohol consumption in the USA as a result of widespread individual changes in drinking patterns. Few studies have utilized longitudinal data allowing the prediction of increased or decreased drinking from COVID-19 economic, social, and health impacts.<div class="boxTitle">Methods</div>Data are from 1819 respondents in the 2019–20 National Alcohol Survey and a one-year follow-up in early 2021. Changes in past-year alcohol volume, drinking days, days with 5+ drinks, and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) alcohol use disorder (AUD) severity were measured as outcomes. Measures of COVID-19 economic, health, and social impacts were assessed for the individual and household. Economic impacts were combined into Self and Household scores. Analyses utilized multinomial logistic regression models to estimate meaningful increases or decreases in outcomes, while generalized estimating equation models estimated overall effects.<div class="boxTitle">Results</div>Increases in alcohol use and AUD severity were larger and more prevalent than decreases, and differences between sociodemographic groups in the prevalence of meaningful increases and decreases were found. Models of meaningful changes found that higher self-economic impact scores predicted increases in 5+ days and AUD severity. Generalized estimating equation models also found that the self-economic impact score predicted increased AUD severity and additionally that being an essential worker was associated with reductions in alcohol volume and 5+ days.<div class="boxTitle">Conclusions</div>Substantial changes in drinking and AUD severity were observed, with increases in these outcomes being more prevalent and larger than decreases. Results highlight the importance of the pandemic’s economic impacts in predicting changes in drinking and AUD severity.</span>
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div><div class="boxTitle">Introduction and aims</div>Repeatedly undergoing supervised, medical, detoxification from chronic alcohol use may contribute to impairments in neurocognitive functioning of patients with an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Unsupervised, non-medical, detoxification, however, may also contribute to neurocognitive impairments, given the absence of first choice prescription medication to counteract severe withdrawal effects. So far, findings from previous studies are inconclusive and specifically effects of non-medical detoxifications are not investigated yet. Using an association modeling approach, this study investigates whether intelligence, speed, attention, and executive functioning are influenced by previous medical and/or non-medical detoxifications.<div class="boxTitle">Methods</div>A total of 106 participants with AUD underwent a clinical medical supervised detoxification. Basic characteristics of the patient were recorded including the number of previous medical and non-medical detoxifications. Neuropsychological assessment was conducted after 6 weeks of abstinence.<div class="boxTitle">Results</div>The amount of previous medical detoxifications (F (1, 87) = 4.108, <span style="font-style:italic;">P</span> = .046) and the group of medical detoxifications (F(1, 87) = 4734, <span style="font-style:italic;">P</span> = .032), predicted performance on one out of 14 dependent variables, i.e. the “d2 Number of Signs” task. Though “Age of onset of daily alcohol use” contributed significantly to this relationship, the change of the regression coefficient of the model was ˂10%. The number of non-medical or total amount of previous detoxifications did not predict any of the dependent variables.<div class="boxTitle">Conclusion</div>The results indicate limited evidence of a linear association between either medical, non-medical, or total amount of previous detoxifications and measures of intelligence, speed, attention, or executive functioning, while controlling for relevant confounders.</span>
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div><div class="boxTitle">Aim</div>This study assessed the association between exposure to alcohol adverts on social media and alcohol use among university students in Uganda since alcohol consumption has severe effects, especially in countries with weak regulations for alcohol marketing.<div class="boxTitle">Methods</div>In total, 996 undergraduate students at Makerere University responded to a questionnaire assessing exposure to alcohol advertising on social media (independent variable) and alcohol use (dependent variable). Adjusted multinomial logistic regression was used to analyse data.<div class="boxTitle">Results</div>One in ten students reported hazardous drinking, while three in ten students were low-risk drinkers. Most students (70.1%) reported low exposure to alcohol adverts on social media, followed by high exposure (12.1%), and 17.8% reported no exposure. A key finding was that exposure to alcohol adverts on social media was significantly associated with alcohol use, especially the high exposure and hazardous drinking (odds ratio = 12.62, 95% confidence interval: 4.43–35.96). Students reporting high exposure to alcohol adverts on social media also had higher odds of low-risk drinking (odds ratio = 3.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.88–7.27) than those with low exposure (odds ratio = 1.77, 95% confidence interval: 1.09–2.87), in reference to no exposure.<div class="boxTitle">Conclusion</div>Among Ugandan university students, exposure to alcohol adverts on social media is common and associated with alcohol use, in a dose–response manner. These findings suggest a need for a design and implementation of alcohol interventions for students using social media.</span>
<span class="paragraphSection">This is a correction to: Natalie Druffner, Donald Egan, Swetha Ramamurthy, Justin O’Brien, Allyson Folsom Davis, Jasmine Jack, Diona Symester, Kelston Thomas, Jayme M Palka, Vishal J Thakkar, E. Sherwood Brown, IQ in high school as a predictor of midlife alcohol drinking patterns, <span style="font-style:italic;">Alcohol and Alcoholism</span>, Volume 59, Issue 4, July 2024, agae035, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agae035">https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agae035</a></span>
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div><div class="boxTitle">Aims</div>Excessive alcohol use is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. Since increased amyloid plaque burden exacerbates cognitive decline, we sought to assess the potential impact of alcohol use disorder (AUD) on cognition, memory, and amyloid burden corresponding with age.<div class="boxTitle">Methods</div>We conducted the retrospective analysis with 6036 subjects, including 269 AUD+ subjects. A four-item CAGE (C—Cutting Down, A—Annoyance by Criticism, G—Guilty Feeling, E—Eye-openers) alcohol questionnaire was given during the recruitment to determine AUD in each participant. We assessed cognitive function, focusing on memory using neuropsychological testing. For 1038 participants, including 57 AUD+ subjects, we measured amyloid burden using the <sup>11</sup>C Pittsburgh Compound B tracer-based positron emission tomography imaging.<div class="boxTitle">Results</div>AUD+ was significantly associated with lower scores of cognition and memory function relative to AUD− individuals. No significant association was found with AUD and elevated brain amyloid under the age of 65. However, further analysis showed that those aged ≥65 showed greater odds for abnormal amyloid in AUD+ compared to AUD− participants.<div class="boxTitle">Conclusions</div>Our results underscore AUD as a risk factor for cognitive decline and diminished memory, particularly in aging populations. The role of AUD in brain amyloid accumulation requires further study.</span>
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>Topiramate has been found to be effective in reducing alcohol use and may also attenuate anxiety severity in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study compared the neural response of treatment-seeking patients with AUD on either topiramate or naltrexone during an anticipatory anxiety task. Participants were 42 patients with AUD who were randomized to receive either topiramate (<span style="font-style:italic;">n =</span> 23; titrated dose up to 200 mg/day) or naltrexone (<span style="font-style:italic;">n</span> = 19; 50 mg/day) for 12-weeks as part of a larger randomized controlled trial. Following 6 weeks of treatment, participants completed an anticipatory anxiety task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) session. The task presented a series of high-threat and low-threat stimuli followed by an unpleasant or pleasant image, respectively. Primary whole-brain analyses revealed no significant differences in neural activation between the topiramate and naltrexone groups. Deactivation for safe cues relative to threat cues was observed within the precuneus, inferior parietal lobule and the cingulate gyrus. In the precentral and middle frontal gyri, threat cues elicited greater activation. Exploratory analyses revealed an effect of change in anxiety from baseline to week 6, with a greater reduction associated with a reduced response to threat cues relative to safe cues in the cuneus and lingual gyrus. The current study is the first to examine and compare neural activation during anticipatory anxiety in treatment-seeking individuals on topiramate and naltrexone. This preliminary research contributes to our understanding of the therapeutic mechanisms of these alcohol pharmacotherapies.</span>
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