An one-stop career platform detailing Schools & Universities offering English language, Bachelor, Master and PhD programs with course fee, living cost, scholarships, visa details, etc.
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Cyprus College
cycollege.ac.cy
The college was founded in 1961 with the purpose to provide a well rounded education of high calibre where students can acquire the necessary academic knowledge.
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Wroclaw University
international.uni.wroc.pl
Founded in 1702 by Leopold I Habsburg. Since the beginning of 20th century the university has produced 9 Nobel Prize winners.
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Volyn University
vdu.edu.ua
The history dates back to 1940. At present, the university includes 4 institutes, 14 faculties and 73 departments.
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Berkeley College
berkeleycollege.edu
Through the power of internet, Berkeley college online brings the classroom to you anywhere in the world with the same high level of support as On-Campus classes.
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AIS
ais.ac.nz
New Zealand's largest international degree provider. The programmes are focused on the global marketplace.
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WORLD UNIVERSITY DIRECTORY
Medical Education Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - current issue
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>Invasive fungal infection (IFI) due to moulds other than <span style="font-style:italic;">Aspergillus</span> are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Non-<span style="font-style:italic;">Aspergillus</span> mould (NAM) infections appear to be on the increase due to an ever-expanding population of immunocompromised hosts. In this review, Mucorales, <span style="font-style:italic;">Scedosporium</span> species, <span style="font-style:italic;">Lomentospora prolificans</span> and <span style="font-style:italic;">Fusarium</span> species are examined in detail, and the microbiology, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of emerging NAMs such as <span style="font-style:italic;">Paecilomyces variotti</span>, <span style="font-style:italic;">Purpureocillium lilacinum</span> and <span style="font-style:italic;">Rasamsonia</span> are summarized. The challenges in diagnosis are emphasized and the emerging importance of molecular methods is discussed. Treatment of IFI due to NAMs is a multi-pronged and multi-disciplinary approach. Surgery, correction of underlying risk factors, and augmentation of the host immune response are as important as antifungal therapy. Many of these NAMs are intrinsically resistant to the currently licensed antifungal agents, so selection of therapy needs to be guided by susceptibility testing. There are new antifungal agents in development, and these have the potential to improve the efficacy and safety of antifungal treatment in the future. Ongoing research is required to fully delineate the epidemiology of NAM infections, and to develop better diagnostic tools and treatments so that outcomes from these infections can continue to improve.</span>
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>Fungal diseases are of growing clinical concern in human medicine as the result of changes in the epidemiology, diversity in clinical presentation, emergence of new pathogens, difficulties in diagnosis and increasing resistance to antifungals of current available classes. There is a need for high disease awareness among the public and healthcare physicians, improvement in diagnostic methods and the development of drugs from new therapeutic classes with an improved resistance profile. In this article, we will explore some key aspects of fungal diseases in humans and provide a general overview of this important topic.</span>
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>Coccidioidomycosis (CM) has been a recognized disease for about 130 years. The organisms (<span style="font-style:italic;">Coccidioides</span> spp. fungi) inhabit desert soil in the southwestern USA, Mexico, and parts of Central and South America. Natural events such as dust storms, wildfires or outdoor activities including construction and gardening can disrupt the fungal arthroconidia, which easily become airborne and inhaled by the host. Approximately 60% of those exposed to arthroconidia are asymptomatic and do not require medical attention, but 30% show signs of pulmonary infection with symptoms ranging from a flu-like illness to pneumonia. In 5%–10% of cases serious or disseminated disease develops, which requires prompt diagnosis and management. About 1%–3% of infections disseminate to the CNS and if not appropriately treated are often fatal. There is an urgent need for improved diagnostics and treatments.</span>
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>Despite notable progress, the management of invasive aspergillosis (IA) remains challenging and treatment failures are common. The final patient outcome is subject to multiple factors including the host (the severity of the underlying conditions), the fungus (the virulence and susceptibility pattern of the <span style="font-style:italic;">Aspergillus</span> species involved), and the therapy (the timing related to severity of infection and choice of therapy—dose, efficacy, cidal versus static, toxicity and interaction). Consequently, assessment of failure is complex yet crucial in order to ensure appropriate management.Refractoriness in absence of drug resistance may reflect severity of the underlying disease/infection at the time of initiation of therapy prolonging time to response. It may also reflect a suboptimal antifungal drug exposure due to poor compliance, inappropriate dosing or increased drug metabolism, or it may reflect ‘pseudo’ failure due to worsening of imaging due to recovery of neutrophils. Refractoriness may also be related to inherent drug resistance in various <span style="font-style:italic;">Aspergillus</span> species or acquired resistance in a normally susceptible species. The latter scenario is mostly encountered in <span style="font-style:italic;">A. fumigatus</span>, where azole resistance is increasing and includes azole-naive patients due to resistance related to azole fungicide use in agriculture and horticulture. Although diagnostics and resistance detection have been greatly improved, the time to resistance reporting is often still suboptimal, which calls for close assessment and potentially management changes even before the susceptibility is known.In this article we address the various definitions and approaches to assessment and management of clinical refractoriness/failure in the setting of proven and probable IA.</span>
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